Germany faces up to its labour shortage

The Puzzle of Migrant Labour Shortage and Rural Labour Surplus in China

The paper examines the contentious issue of the extent of surplus labour that remains in China. China was an extreme example of a surplus labour economy, but the rapid economic growth during the period of economic reform requires a reassessment of whether the second stage of the Lewis model has been reached or is imminent. The literature is inconclusive. On the one hand, there are reports of mi...

The up side of a gas shortage

The up s ide of a gas shortage T he key to building strong bones and healthy joints is oxygen scarcity in the developing embryo. As Provot et al. show on page 451, a protein activated by low oxygen levels orchestrates the formation of limb bones and joints. The work demonstrates that one function of the protein is spurring differentiation of cartilage-constructing chondrocytes. An embryo acquir...

The Crisis of Labour Relations in Germany

It is generally agreed amongst academic commentators that the combined pressures of increased international product market competition, market deregulation and unification have severely strained the German ‘model’ of industrial relations (e.g. Goodhart, 1994; Carlin and Soskice, 1997; Gall, 1997; Streeck, 1997). Employers’ fear of the relative decline of German industrial competitiveness have p...

Technical guide to Set Up a Spectral Solar Direct Normal Irradiance Permanent Station: Study Area- Hannover, Germany

The spectral Direct Normal Irradiance (SDNI) is a basic radiometric quantity from which many other quantities can be derived. It provides not only information about the spectral and distribution of the direct solar radiation reaching a particular location. Accurate knowledge about the spectral direct irradiance shall enable us to gain new scientific results in the: determination of cloud effect...

Epidemiology Faces Its Limits